{"product_id":"mycofold-rhu-m-csf","title":"MycoFold™ rHu Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (M-CSF)","description":"\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eMycoFold™ Recombinant Human Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (rHu M-CSF) protein is a growth factor that regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells towards the M2 phenotype.  Also known as CSF1, this protein is required for the control of monocyte and macrophage differentiation to adopt the M2 phenotype. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eUpon CSF1 binding, the CSF-1R (receptor) undergoes dimerization and autophosphorylation of several tyrosine residues, which initiate downstream signaling cascades.  The PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway inactivates FOXO1, which otherwise restricts M2 activation.  Additionally, CSF-1R signaling increases IL-4R expression, priming macrophages to be more sensitive to STAT6-mediated M2 activation by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13.  In glial applications, CSF1 is a primary regulator of microglia development, survival, and maintenance predominantly in white matter regions.  CSR-1R is expressed on neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and CSF1 signaling in these suppresses self-renewal and enhances differentiation into mature neurons.           \u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eCytokine is a disulfide-linked homodimer (18.4 kDa) expressed via extracellular secretion of \u003ci\u003eK. phaffii\u003c\/i\u003e engineered yeast.\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003eChaperone-guided folding and engineered secretion pathways generate native tertiary 3D structures, thereby optimizing thermostability.\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003ePriced for best-in-class bioactivity value (IUs\/mg\/$) to maximize research budgets.\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e  \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cu\u003eKey Research Applications\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eDevelopment and maintenance of tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) (e.g., microglia, Kupffer cells, and osteoclasts)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDifferentiation of HSCs into macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eHematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) research and transplantation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eSelf-renewal capacity of certain tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eModulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eM2-like (anti-inflammatory\/regulatory) phenotype polarization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eActivation of PI3K-Akt (survival\/anti-apoptosis), MAPK\/ERK (proliferation), and JAK-STAT (differentiation) pathways.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"10 µg","offer_id":47304552022171,"sku":"GR1003-10","price":144.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":47304558379163,"sku":"GR1003-50","price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 µg","offer_id":47304552054939,"sku":"GR1003-100","price":667.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":47304552087707,"sku":"GR1003-250","price":1294.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 µg","offer_id":47304552120475,"sku":"GR1003-500","price":2209.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":47304552153243,"sku":"GR1003-1000","price":3400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0724\/6318\/8123\/files\/Vial_Image_GR1003_rHu_MCSF_Corrected.jpg?v=1769097280","url":"https:\/\/mycofold.com\/products\/mycofold-rhu-m-csf","provider":"MycoFold","version":"1.0","type":"link"}